Skip to main content

E-Mail bei Linux Updates

Einleitung

In Linux kannst du mit Hilfe von Apticron automatisiert E-Mail Benachrichtigungen versenden wenn Updates verfügbar sind. Du kannst dort auch einstellen das du informiert werden möchtest, selbst wenn keine Updates verfügbar sind. 

Einrichtung

Im ersten Schritt verbindest du dich mit deinem Server damit du Konsolenzugriff hast. Dort aktualisierst du einmal die Paketquellen und installierst mögliche Updates.

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Im nächsten Schritt installierst du Apticron und sendmail auf deinem Rechner. 

sudo apt install apticron sendmail -y

Als nächstes kopierst du die Konfigurationsdatei in das Apticron Verzeichnis damit du diese modifizieren kannst.

sudo cp /usr/lib/apticron/apticron.conf /etc/apticron/apticron.conf

Diese Konfigurationsdatei öffnest du in einem Editor deiner Wahl, ich verwende dazu nano.

nano /etc/apticron/apticron.conf

In dieser Datei gibst du Parameter an wie die E-Mail aussehen soll, welche Absender Adresse er verwenden soll und wer der Empfänger ist.

# apticron.conf
#
# The values set in /etc/apticron/apticron.conf will override the settings
# in this file.

#
# Set EMAIL to a space separated list of addresses which will be notified of
# impending updates. By default the root account will be notified.
#
EMAIL="<empfänger>@<domain>"

#
# Set DIFF_ONLY to "1" to only output the difference of the current run
# compared to the last run (ie. only new upgrades since the last run). If there
# are no differences, no output/email will be generated. By default, apticron
# will output everything that needs to be upgraded.
#
# DIFF_ONLY="1"
#
DIFF_ONLY="0"

#
# Set LISTCHANGES_PROFILE if you would like apticron to invoke apt-listchanges
# with the --profile option. You should add a corresponding profile to
# /etc/apt/listchanges.conf
#
# LISTCHANGES_PROFILE="apticron"
#
# By default apt-listchanges is run with no profile
#
LISTCHANGES_PROFILE=""

#
# From hostname manpage: "Displays  all FQDNs of the machine. This option
# enumerates all configured network addresses on all configured network inter‐
# faces, and translates them to DNS domain names. Addresses that cannot be
# translated (i.e. because they do not have an appropriate  reverse DNS
# entry) are skipped. Note that different addresses may resolve to the same
# name, therefore the output may contain duplicate entries. Do not make any
# assumptions about the order of the output."
#
# By default only the first FQDN is used
#
# ALL_FQDNS="1"
ALL_FQDNS="0"

#
# Set SYSTEM if you would like apticron to use something other than the output
# of "hostname -f" for the system name in the mails it generates. This option
# overrides the ALL_FQDNS above.
#
# SYSTEM="foobar.example.com"
#
SYSTEM="<FQDN>"

#
# Set IPADDRESSNUM if you would like to configure the maximal number of IP
# addresses apticron displays. The default is to display 1 address of each
# family type (inet, inet6), if available.
#
IPADDRESSNUM="1"

#
# Set IPADDRESSES to a whitespace separated list of reachable addresses for
# this system. If unset or empty, apticron will try to work these out using
# the "ip" command.
#
# IPADDRESSES="192.0.2.1 2001:db8:1:2:3::1"
#
IPADDRESSES=""

#
# Set NOTIFY_HOLDS="0" if you don't want to be notified about new versions of
# packages on hold in your system. The default behavior is downloading and
# listing them as any other package.
#
# NOTIFY_HOLDS="0"
#
NOTIFY_HOLDS="1"

#
# Set NOTIFY_NEW="0" if you don't want to be notified about packages which
# are not installed in your system. Yes, it's possible! There are some issues
# related to systems which have mixed stable/unstable sources. In these cases
# apt-get will consider for example that packages with "Priority:
# required"/"Essential: yes" in unstable but not in stable should be installed,
# so they will be listed in dist-upgrade output. Please take a look at
# http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=531002#44
#
# NOTIFY_NEW="0"
#
NOTIFY_NEW="1"

#
# Set NOTIFY_NO_UPDATES="1" if you want to be notified when there are no
# new versions. This is useful to assure you that apticron works well.
# By default notifications will be sent only when new versions are available.
#
# NOTIFY_NO_UPDATES="1"
#
NOTIFY_NO_UPDATES="1"

#
# Set CUSTOM_SUBJECT if you want to replace the default subject used in
# the notification e-mails. This may help filtering/sorting client-side e-mail.
# If you want to use internal vars please use single quotes here. Ex:
CUSTOM_SUBJECT='[apticron] $SYSTEM: $NUM_PACKAGES package update(s)'
#
# CUSTOM_SUBJECT=""

#
# Set CUSTOM_NO_UPDATES_SUBJECT if you want to replace the default subject used
# in the no update notification e-mails. This may help filtering/sorting
# client-side e-mail.
# If you want to use internal vars please use single quotes here. Ex:
CUSTOM_NO_UPDATES_SUBJECT='[apticron] $SYSTEM: no updates'
#
# CUSTOM_NO_UPDATES_SUBJECT=""

#
# Set CUSTOM_FROM if you want to replace the default sender by changing the
# 'From:' field used in the notification e-mails.
#
 CUSTOM_FROM="<sender>@<domain>"

# Set GPG_ENCRYPT="1" if you want to encrypt the mail being send to
# $EMAIL. apticron will use gpg and the public key of the recipient to encrypt
# the mail. Please note that the $EMAIL value above can't be an alias, since
# gpg will trust it to encrypt the message.
#
GPG_ENCRYPT="0"

Apticron verwendet immer die Datei im /etc/apticron Verzeichnis wenn diese existiert. Sonst nutzt er die aus dem /usr/lib/apticron Verzeichnis.

Wenn du überprüfen möchtest ob Apticron funktioniert, setze folgenden Befehl ab.

sudo apticron
Back to top